The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. Other typical desserts include the Pastafrola (a type of cake filled with quince jelly), Chaj (meringue, sponge cake, whipped cream and fruits, typically peaches and strawberries are added). [25], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmo's Los das con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Dez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. Lessa, F. and Druliolle, V. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. Their names and assignments are listed below. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. Uruguay (officially Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country in South America. Diego Forln was presented with the Golden Ball award as the best player of the 2010 tournament. Social spending was reduced and many state-owned companies were privatized. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. [169], Uruguay exported 1,414 football players during the 2000s, almost as many players as Brazil and Argentina. [24] However, these border disputes have not prevented both countries from having friendly diplomatic relations and strong economic ties. He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century, with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics. The Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado is the autonomous agency in charge of rail transport and the maintenance of the railroad network. Sanguinetti was then re-elected in 1994. [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. Uruguay declared independence in 1825 and then secured independence in 1828 following a three-year conflict with Brazil and the dissolution of its federation with Argentina. [45] Although Baldomir declared Uruguay neutral in 1939, British warships and the German ship Admiral Graf Spee fought a battle not far off Uruguay's coast. [32], Gabriel Terra became president in March 1931. [25], Uruguay's best-known contemporary writer is Eduardo Galeano, author of Las venas abiertas de Amrica Latina (1971; "Open Veins of Latin America") and the trilogy Memoria del fuego (198287; "Memory of Fire"). At the same time centre-right National Partys Luis Lacalle Pou was sworn as the new President of Uruguay.[79]. Uruguay is the only country in South America situated entirely south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Typical dishes include: "Asado uruguayo" (big grill or barbecue of all types of meat), roasted lamb, Chivito (sandwich containing thin grilled beef, lettuce, tomatoes, fried egg, ham, olives and others, and served with French fries), Milanesa (a kind of fried breaded beef), tortellini, spaghetti, gnocchi, ravioli, rice and vegetables. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. Originally they were Vaudois, who become Waldensians, giving their name to the city Colonia Valdense, which translated from the Spanish means "Waldensian Colony". [119][120], The Punta del Este International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9.3mi) from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.[116]. [142] Among the sizeable Armenian community in Montevideo, the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Armenian Apostolic. [32] The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited European settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. WebIn 1815, Portugal and Britain launched an offensive against Uruguay, and two years later they lower combination high blood pressure medications captured Montevideo and merged Uruguay into Brazil s territory. [25], The Reporters Without Borders worldwide press freedom index has ranked Uruguay as 19th of 180 reported countries in 2019. The formal coalition ended in November 2002, when the Blancos withdrew their ministers from the cabinet,[32] although the Blancos continued to support the Colorados on most issues. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. [111] Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over US$1billion in 2006. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. One of the main natural attractions in Uruguay is Punta del Este. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. [42], The Colorado leader Jos Batlle y Ordez was elected president in 1903. Punta del Este adjoins the city of Maldonado, while to its northeast along the coast are found the smaller resorts of La Barra and Jos Ignacio. [102] While unemployment is still at a low level, the IMF observed a rise in inflationary pressures,[103] and Uruguay's GDP expanded by 10.4% for the first half of 2010. In 1973, amid increasing economic and political turmoil, the armed forces, asked by the President Juan Mara Bordaberry, disbanded Parliament and established a civilian-military regime. In 1806 and 1807, the British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo as part of the Napoleonic Wars. There are two Montevideo-based football clubs, Nacional and Pearol, who are successful in domestic and South American tournaments and have won three Intercontinental Cups each. [53], Following the 2001 Argentine credit default, prices in the Uruguayan economy made a variety of services, including information technology and architectural expertise, once too expensive in many foreign markets, exportable. [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. Historical monuments such as Torres Garcia Museum as well as Estadio Centenario, which housed the first world cup in history, are examples. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. Rock and roll first broke into Uruguayan audiences with the arrival of the Beatles and other British bands in the early 1960s. [161] Freedom of speech and media are guaranteed by the constitution, with qualifications for inciting violence or "insulting the nation". [167] Uruguay performed very creditably in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, having reached the semi-final for the first time in 40 years. Another spoken dialect was the Patois, which is an Occitan dialect. [25] The candombe is a folk dance performed at Carnival, especially Uruguayan Carnival, mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. [33], In 1816, a force of 10,000 Portuguese troops invaded the Banda Oriental from Brazil; they took Montevideo in January 1817. Uruguay, a nation in southeastern South America covers an area of 176,000 square km and is the continents second smallest nation. There are several interpretations, including "bird-river" ("the river of the ur", via Charruan, ur being a common noun of any wild fowl). [25] In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882. [131], Uruguayans are of predominantly European origin, with over 87.7% of the population claiming European descent in the 2011 census. On 15 June 1838, an army led by the Colorado leader Rivera overthrew President Oribe, who fled to Argentina. The first international match outside the British Isles was played between Uruguay and Argentina in Montevideo in July 1902. [155] Over the 20072009 period, 362,000 pupils and 18,000 teachers were involved in the scheme; around 70% of the laptops were given to children who did not have computers at home. The language spoken there is Spanish. The relationship between the United States and Uruguay is strong. [62], With 176,214km2 (68,037sqmi) of continental land and 142,199km2 (54,903sqmi) of jurisdictional water and small river islands,[63] Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest). Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. When the two clubs play each other, it is known as Uruguayan Clsico and is the most important rivalry in Uruguay and one of the biggest in the American continent.[171]. [39], This establishment of the policy of co-participation represented the search for a new formula of compromise, based on the coexistence of the party in power and the party in opposition.[39]. (2011). [83] A rivalry between the port of Montevideo and the port of Buenos Aires, dating back to the times of the Spanish Empire, has been described as a "port war". [150] In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). A 2008 survey by the INE of Uruguay showed Catholic Christianity as the main religion, with 45.7% 81.4%[141] of the population; 9.0% are non-Catholic Christians, 0.6% are Animists or Umbandists (an Afro-Brazilian religion), and 0.4% Jewish. [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. If the minor child does not have a Permiso de Menor, the minor child will be prohibited from leaving Uruguay. Uruguay is a founding member of the United Nations, OAS, and Mercosur. Blancos were given of seats in Congress. Na severovchod soused s Brazli (dlka hranice je 985 km) a na zpad s Argentinou (579 km). [36] The besieged Uruguayans called on resident foreigners for help, which led to a French and an Italian legion being formed, the latter led by the exiled Giuseppe Garibaldi. Over 1,000,000 pictures [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. [99] Some newspapers are owned by, or linked to, the main political parties. [100] Poverty was reduced from 33% in 2002 to 21.7% in July 2008, while extreme poverty dropped from 3.3% to 1.7%. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. Nine straddle cranes allow for 80 to 100 movements per hour. [97] The Frente Amplio government, while continuing payments on Uruguay's external debt,[98] also undertook an emergency plan to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment. [166], The Uruguay national football team has won the FIFA World Cup on two occasions. [73] The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. [25], Abstract painter and sculptor Carlos Pez Vilar was a prominent Uruguayan artist. Most of the Uruguayan dishes are from Spain, France, Italy and Brazil, the result of immigration caused by past wars in Europe. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. The first permanent Spanish settlement was founded in 1624 at Soriano on the Ro Negro. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons", "Uruguay returns to the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance", Uruguay To Lift Ban On Gays In The Military, "Uruguayan Major General appointed head of UN mission in India and Pakistan", "Building out: Uruguay exports architectural services to India and Latin America", "Uruguay's Frente Amplio: From Revolution to Dilution", "Uruguay's record-setting economic growth streak", "Uruguay Rate Rise 'Strong Signal,' Bergara, Lorenzo Say", "IMF anticipates 'soft-landing' of Uruguay's economy in next two years", "Uruguay's GDP Rose 10.4% in Second quarter From Year Before on Transport", "Uruguay's debt/GDP ratio down after five quarters running increases", "Uruguay becomes first nation to legalise marijuana trade", "Uruguay has 3.8 cattle per capita, highest in the world", "Jos Ignacio, an Uruguayan Resort Town That's Chic, but So Far Not Famous", "Overview: Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay Trade Relations", "Montevideo port becomes most advanced container terminal in South America", "Logistics, infrastructure and communications", "New Carrasco terminal among the "most beautiful airports in the world", "Pluna: reunin de conciliacin entre el Estado y Leadgate", "Omnibus Interior Catlogo de Datos Abiertos", "Uruguay privatization scheme jolted by opposition", "Uruguay, Latin America's Renewable Champion", "Uruguay makes dramatic shift to nearly 95% electricity from clean energy", "Uruguay is now generating 95% of its electricity from renewable energy", "Uruguay has shifted to getting 95% of its electricity from renewables in less than 10 years", "Atlas Sociodemografico y de la Desigualdad en Uruguay, 2011: Ancestry", "Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs", "Uruguay: South America's best-kept secret? WebUruguay. manufacturing plant. In September 2019, the previous left-wing government of Uruguay had withdrawn from TIAR as a response to the very critical view of Venezuela the other members of the regional defense agreement had. This method has been used several times over the past 15 years: to confirm a law renouncing prosecution of members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (19731985); to stop privatization of public utilities companies; to defend pensioners' incomes; and to protect water resources. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. WebUruguay. ", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", "Uruguay Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project", "Los uruguayos y la religin - Opcin Consultores - Portal de Opinin Pblica", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares 2008 Religion", "Armenian General Benevolent Union Publications", "UMM | Latin American Area Studies Countries", "Explore Uruguay About Uruguay Government", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "Invest in Uruguay Unidad de Apoyo al Sector Privado", Uruguay, Secondary and technical education and teacher training support program, "Uruguay becomes first nation to provide a laptop for every primary school student", "Argentina, Uruguay bury hatchet to snatch tango honor", "Are You Ready For the Uruguayan Invasion? [53] Commercial ties between the two countries have expanded substantially in recent years, with the signing of a bilateral investment treaty in 2004 and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement in January 2007. As commodity prices soared and the economy recovered from the recession, he tripled foreign investment, cut poverty and unemployment, cut public debt from 79% of GDP to 60%, and kept inflation steady. [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. Uruguay is bordered by two large neighbors, Brazil and Argentina. Serving During: Group by Ward: Maintain high level of inventory accuracy in high-volume automotive. [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. El Sporting de Gijn recibe al Valencia en un nico partido por Copa del Rey para meterse en los cuartos de final del certamen. He and his wife, Annette, have six children. [153] In 2009, the government planned to invest 4.5% of GDP in education. [25] The tradition of the gaucho has been an important element in the art and folklore of both Uruguay and Argentina. [45] The Admiral Graf Spee took refuge in Montevideo, claiming sanctuary in a neutral port, but was later ordered out.[45]. Jan 2022 - Present1 year 1 month. Newport News, Virginia, United States. For Uruguay, Argentine tourism is key, since it represents 56% of the external tourism they receive each year and 70% during the summer months. A quarter of the population is less than 15 years old and about a sixth are aged 60 and older. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and amnesty for human rights abusers was endorsed by referendum. Uruguay Members 102999 Congregations 143 Missions 2 Family History Centers He was president of the Uruguay Montevideo Mission from 2016 to 2019. For example, Montevideo receives approximately 1,100 millimetres (43in) of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives 1,600 millimetres (63in). So far, the disputed areas remain de facto under Brazilian control, with little to no actual effort by Uruguay to assert its claims. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. [4], Education in Uruguay is secular, free,[152] and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. [105] Uruguay was ranked 65th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 62nd in 2019.[106][107][108][109]. On the map, surrounded by its large neighbors, Uruguay seems tiny, writes contemporary Uruguayan historian and novelist Eduardo Galeano. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. He never lived in Uruguay. [133] Overall, the ethnic composition is similar to neighboring Argentine provinces as well as Southern Brazil. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. Weburuguay, cuyo nombre oficial es repblica oriental del uruguay, es un pas soberano de amrica del sur, situado en la parte oriental del cono sur. [117] PLUNA was the flag carrier of Uruguay, and was headquartered in Carrasco. [64] The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.61/10, ranking it 147th globally out of 172 countries. [145], After independence, anti-clerical ideas spread to Uruguay, particularly from France, further eroding the influence of the church. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. [25] Its median age is 35.3 years, is higher than the global average[32] due to its low birth rate, high life expectancy, and relatively high rate of emigration among younger people. [25] Other modern Uruguayan writers include Mario Levrero, Sylvia Lago, Jorge Majfud, and Jess Moraes. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. [90], On 15 March 2011, Uruguay became the seventh South American nation to officially recognize a Palestinian state,[91] although there was no specification for the Palestinian state's borders as part of the recognition. Keith M. Dunford, 61, and Lori B. Dunford, eight children, Snowflake 9th Ward, Snowflake Arizona Stake: Uruguay Montevideo West Mission, succeeding President Ryan K. Olsen and Sister Julie Olsen. , especially Uruguayan Carnival, especially Uruguayan Carnival, mainly by Uruguayans of African.. 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